I fought with this problem for serveral days and finally determined that a mix of versions of samba, adbindproxy and CentrifyDC client were the issue. I had installed the most recent version of Samba *4.6.4) available from Red Hat on one RHEL 7.3 server and a lower version (4.4.4) on another RHEL 7.3 server. Both were running Centrifydc 2015. The server with the older version of Samba worked fine, but the samba 4.6.4 version had exactly the same issues your are experiencing. After upgrading the client on the failing sever to Centrifydc 2017 and winbindd to version 4.6.2, it all started working. There were some other issues with missing libraries that had to be addressed as well. These show up in the sysctl messages if you run 'system centrifydc-samba status'
That's my story - hope it helps!