I only wish you had started with this explanation.
Turns out that this issue is not related or only "marginally" related to Centrify.
The issue is the retirement of older versions of the SMB protocol. Your issue was never with Centrify, it was with an old server running Samba.
We are out of the "Samba Server" business. We just provide an IDMapper (adbindproxy). This means that:
a) If you have an old version of Centrify-enhanced Samba, please plan retire it from your environment. This is due to concerns around the vulnerabilities like Badlock.
b) Reclone your system again, since it seems you were never using Centrify in connected mode, you need to find out how to upgrade to a version of Samba that will work with the newer Win10 clients.
Otherwise, we'll be here.