Hmmm...looks like a trace is needed in order to pinpoint the actual root cause.
In terms of what you want to accomplish (joining the system to AD).... did you try to run adjoin?
Looks like the time source is being honored by your system based on your first post, therefore adjoin should not find any clock skew that will make Kerberos throw an error.
If you are a customer (they often post in the Express forum), I would open a ticket to take a look further, otherwise I would run a trace.
Finally, as far as DM goes, you have the ability to modify the underlying LUA script that triggers adcheck.
https://community.centrify.com/t5/Centrify-Express/Centrify-Express-for-Unix-Linux-NTP/td-p/20385